Here is the complete reference for LTO generations (Linear Tape-Open), from LTO-1 to LTO-9: capacities, speeds, release years, and compatibility rules between drives and cartridges. Keep it handy to choose or upgrade a tape backup.
LTO Generations Table
| Generation | Year | Native Capacity | Compressed Capacity | Native Speed (max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTO-1 | 2000 | 100 GB | 200 GB | 20 MB/s |
| LTO-2 | 2003 | 200 GB | 400 GB | 40 MB/s |
| LTO-3 | 2005 | 400 GB | 800 GB | 80 MB/s |
| LTO-4 | 2007 | 800 GB | 1.6 TB | 120 MB/s |
| LTO-5 | 2010 | 1.5 TB | 3 TB | 140 MB/s |
| LTO-6 | 2012 | 2.5 TB | 6.25 TB | 160 MB/s |
| LTO-7 | 2015 | 6 TB | 15 TB | 300 MB/s |
| LTO-8 | 2017 | 12 TB | 30 TB | 360 MB/s |
| LTO-9 | 2021 | 18 TB | 45 TB | 400 MB/s |
Compressed capacities assume a 2:1 ratio up to LTO-5, then 2.5:1 from LTO-6 onward. Actual speed depends on data and system.
Compatibility Between Generations
This is the key point—and it changed with LTO-8:
- Classic rule (up to LTO-7): a drive reads cartridges from the two previous generations and writes to the previous generation. For example, an LTO-7 drive reads LTO-5 and LTO-6 cartridges and writes to LTO-6.
- Since LTO-8: a drive supports only its own generation and the previous one. An LTO-8 drive reads/writes LTO-8 and LTO-7 (but not LTO-6); an LTO-9 drive reads/writes LTO-9 and LTO-8 (but not LTO-7).
Note: an LTO-8 drive can write 9 TB on a new LTO-7 cartridge initialized as “Type M” (M8).
Features Introduced Over Generations
- WORM (write once, read many): since LTO-3.
- Hardware AES-256 encryption: since LTO-4.
- LTFS and partitioning (file access like a disk): since LTO-5.
Why LTO Remains Relevant
LTO tape offers unbeatable cost per TB, excellent archival longevity (around 30 years), and unique security: a disconnected cartridge is offline, thus protected from ransomware (“air gap”). For usage context, see our guide LTO Tape Backup.
FAQ: LTO Generations
What is the capacity of LTO-8 and LTO-9?
12 TB native (30 TB compressed) for LTO-8; 18 TB native (45 TB compressed) for LTO-9.
Does an LTO-9 drive read LTO-7 cartridges?
No. Since LTO-8, a drive supports only its own generation and the previous one: an LTO-9 drive reads LTO-9 and LTO-8, not LTO-7.
Is the compression ratio 2:1 or 2.5:1?
2:1 up to LTO-5, then 2.5:1 from LTO-6 onward. This ratio is indicative and depends on the nature of the data.
How long do LTO tapes last?
About 30 years under good storage conditions, making them a reference archival medium.
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